Glossary

Strong AI, also known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) or functionalist AI, is the philosophical view that an appropriately programmed computer does not merely simulate a mind, but literally has a mind, possesses genuine understanding, and experiences cognitive states.

Weak AI, or Narrow AI, is the view that computers can only simulate human mental processes and act as highly useful tools for studying the mind, without actually possessing genuine consciousness, understanding, or subjective experience.

Johan Huizinga (1872–1945) was a pioneering Dutch historian and cultural theorist best known for his groundbreaking work on the role of play in human culture, particularly in his 1938 book Homo Ludens. Huizinga argued that play is a fundamental, creative force that precedes and shapes civilization,

The play deficit is the chronic shortage of unstructured, voluntary, and non-utilitarian play within a society, resulting from a cultural shift that prioritizes productivity, economic optimization, and constant seriousness. This deficit impairs essential social skills—such as empathy, cooperation, a

Philosophical suicide is a term coined by Albert Camus to describe the act of escaping the anxiety of the Absurd by adopting a belief system, religion, or metaphysical framework that artificially imposes meaning onto an inherently meaningless universe. Camus argued that this intellectual leap of fai

Absurdism is a philosophical school of thought, primarily associated with Albert Camus, which posits that human beings exist in a meaningless, chaotic universe, and that any attempt to find or construct ultimate meaning is fundamentally incompatible with this reality. Rather than despairing, absurdi

The combination problem is the primary philosophical objection to panpsychism, questioning how simple, microscopic conscious subjects (like subatomic particles) can combine to form complex, unified macroscopic conscious minds (like human beings).

Panpsychism is the philosophical view that consciousness, mind, or soul is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of the physical world, existing to some degree in all things.

In a philosophical and existential context, deep time refers to an immersive, non-linear experience of time where an individual feels connected to a larger purpose, history, or natural rhythm, contrasting with the fragmented, transactional time of modern productivity.

Time-poverty is the chronic sensation of having insufficient time to meet one's obligations and personal needs, leading to persistent stress and exhaustion.